Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) describes a condition in which the brain has difficulty receiving, organizing, and responding to sensory input from the environment. Individuals with SPD may be over-responsive (hypersensitive) to stimuli like sounds, textures, or lights, under-responsive (hyposensitive) and seek intense sensory experiences, or have difficulty with sensory discrimination (telling similar stimuli apart). SPD affects daily functioning — a child may refuse to wear certain clothing, gag at food textures, become overwhelmed in noisy environments, or fail to notice pain. While SPD is not a standalone diagnosis in the DSM-5, it is widely recognized by occupational therapists and is frequently documented alongside autism, ADHD, and developmental delays. Treatment centers on occupational therapy using sensory integration techniques.
Documenting sensory processing difficulties supports requests for occupational therapy through both school IEPs and HCBS waivers. Sensory needs also justify environmental modifications and assistive technology funded through waiver programs.