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Core vocabulary refers to a small set of high-frequency words — typically 200 to 400 words — that make up approximately 80% of everything we say in daily conversation. These words are mostly pronouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, and determiners (I, want, go, more, that, not, help, like, put, on) rather than nouns. Core words are versatile and can be used across every context and activity, unlike 'fringe' vocabulary (specific nouns like 'pizza' or 'playground') which is context-dependent. AAC systems organized around core vocabulary give users the power to generate novel sentences rather than relying on pre-programmed phrases. Teaching core vocabulary is a foundational strategy in modern AAC intervention and is supported by extensive research in both typical and aided language development.
Understanding core vocabulary helps families evaluate whether their child's AAC system and therapy are focused on functional, generative communication rather than just labeling pictures. Core-based AAC goals strengthen IEP and waiver service plans.